https://souljian.cn/tags/%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E6%9D%83%E9%99%90/Recent content in 用户权限 on SoulJian小站Hugo -- gohugo.ioen-usSun, 30 Aug 2026 10:00:00 +0800https://souljian.cn/p/751088209/Sat, 29 Aug 2026 14:00:00 +0800https://souljian.cn/p/751088209/<h2 id="写在前面合法学习边界">写在前面：合法学习边界 </h2><p>本文讲 Linux 基础知识，不涉及攻击。</p> <h2 id="一linux-权限架构">一、Linux 权限架构 </h2><img src="https://souljian.cn/img/linux-privilege-escalation.svg" alt="Linux 权限架构" /> <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-text" data-lang="text"><span class="line"><span class="cl">① 用户 → ② 组 → ③ 权限位 → ④ 文件系统 </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><h2 id="二用户与组">二、用户与组 </h2><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span><span class="lnt">2 </span><span class="lnt">3 </span><span class="lnt">4 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">cat /etc/passwd <span class="c1"># 用户列表</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">cat /etc/group <span class="c1"># 组列表</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">useradd -m user <span class="c1"># 添加用户</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">passwd user <span class="c1"># 设置密码</span> </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><h2 id="三权限位">三、权限位 </h2><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span><span class="lnt">2 </span><span class="lnt">3 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">chmod <span class="m">755</span> file <span class="c1"># rwxr-xr-x</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">chown user:group file <span class="c1"># 修改所有者</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">ls -la <span class="c1"># 查看权限</span> </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><h2 id="四文件系统">四、文件系统 </h2><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span><span class="lnt">2 </span><span class="lnt">3 </span><span class="lnt">4 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-text" data-lang="text"><span class="line"><span class="cl">ext4：主流 Linux 文件系统 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">xfs：高性能，适合大数据 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">/proc：进程信息 · /sys：系统信息 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">/dev：设备文件 · /tmp：临时文件 </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><h2 id="五小结">五、小结 </h2><p>Linux 权限的核心是<strong>用户 + 组 + 权限位</strong>。<strong>最小权限原则</strong>是安全配置的黄金法则。</p>